Theory of First-order Logic First-order logic is also called Predicate logic and First-order predicate calculus (FOPL). It is a formal representation of logic in the form of quantifiers. In predicate logic, the input is taken as an entity, and the output it gives is either true or false. Syntax and Semantics of FOPL Syntax: ItContinue Reading
Inference rules are those rules which are used to describe certain conclusions. The inferred conclusions lead to the desired goal state. In propositional logic, there are various inference rules which can be applied to prove the given statements and conclude them. There are following laws/rules used in propositional logic: ModusContinue Reading
It is a branch of logic which is also known as statement logic, sentential logic, zeroth-order logic, and many more. It works with the propositions and its logical connectivities. It deals with the propositions or statements whose values are true, false, or maybe unknown. Syntax and Semantics of Propositional Logic Syntax and semantics defineContinue Reading
The Wumpus world is a game playing which provides an environment to the knowledge-based agent to showcase its stored knowledge. It was developed by Gregory Yob in 1973. About the game: It is a single-player game. It is a cave consisting of rooms which are connected with one-another via passways. There isContinue Reading
In this section, we will understand how to represent the knowledge in the form which could be understood by the knowledge-based agents. The knowledge that is stored in the system is related to the world and its environment. It is stored in the system to prepare these systems to dealContinue Reading
Knowledge is the basic element for a human brain to know and understand the things logically. When a person becomes knowledgeable about something, he is able to do that thing in a better way. In AI, the agents which copy such an element of human beings are known as knowledge-basedContinue Reading
Constraint Satisfaction Problems in Artificial Intelligence We have seen so many techniques like Local search, Adversarial search to solve different problems. The objective of every problem-solving technique is one, i.e., to find a solution to reach the goal. Although, in adversarial search and local search, there were no constraints onContinue Reading
Alpha-beta pruning is an advance version of MINIMAX algorithm. The drawback of minimax strategy is that it explores each node in the tree deeply to provide the best path among all the paths. This increases its time complexity. But as we know, the performance measure is the first consideration forContinue Reading
In artificial intelligence, minimax is a decision-making strategy under game theory, which is used to minimize the losing chances in a game and to maximize the winning chances. This strategy is also known as ‘Minmax,’ ’MM,’ or ‘Saddle point.’ Basically, it is a two-player game strategy where if one wins, the other loose the game. ThisContinue Reading
Adversarial search is a game-playing technique where the agents are surrounded by a competitive environment. A conflicting goal is given to the agents (multiagent). These agents compete with one another and try to defeat one another in order to win the game. Such conflicting goals give rise to the adversarial search. Here,Continue Reading
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