Step 1. Download  IDE from https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software.

Step 2. Scroll down the page and click on Windows app link, as shown in the following figure.

Step 3. Click on the Just Download button, as shown in the following figure.

Step 4. Click on the Get button.

As we click on the Get button, it shows a conformation message on the screen, as shown in the following figure.

Step 5. Click on the Open Microsoft Store button, it redirects to the Microsoft store page.

Step 6. And last, click on the Get button. It starts downloading of Arduino IDE. After downloading, it installs automatically.

IoT devices consist of software, wireless sensors, actuators, and computer peripherals. They are connected to a particular device that works through the internet that allows data to be transferred between devices or people.

For example, your car’s IoT systems detects the heavy traffic and automatically send a message to the person waiting for the updates.

There are some examples of IoT devices:

Samsung Smart Things:

Samsung has launched IoT-compatible devices, including hubs, intelligent outputs, motion detectors, water leak detectors, arrival detectors, etc. The company has also launched a complete home monitoring kit to turn an ordinary home into a smart home.

Healthcare/fitness IoT devices:

Fitbit

Fitbit is the pioneer in the manufacture of smartwatches and health monitoring devices. These devices can be attached to your smartphone, allowing you to track your health and set your fitness goals.

Virtual Reality IoT devices:

Google Daydream

Google Daydream is a virtual reality device that enables IoT. It can be used using your smartphone inserted in the device. The virtual reality experience can be transmitted using Chrome cast.

An IoT developer needs to be flexible to adapt to various skills. These are some of the skills that an IoT developer will require.

Programming: The development of IoT requires mastery of certain programming languages, hardware, and software. Therefore, an IoT developer must learn basic programming languages for integrated systems such as C, C ++, and some high-level languages such as Java, Node.JS, and Python.

Electronics and circuits: The development of IoT includes many hardware prototypes, that requires the construction of circuits and their integration into breadboards. It is essential to understand electronics and various electrical components, such as capacitors and resistors.

Sensors: Sensors are an essential part of IoT. Without them, it becomes difficult to collect data from your environment. Knowing the functionality of these sensors can help developers build devices more easily.

Network and Information Security: Like any other digital network, IoT devices are always connected to the internet and vulnerable to cyberattacks, such as a denial of service attacks. Since most appliances are integrated into our homes, we must consider this a priority.

Contiki is an open-source operating system (OS) that works on small, low-power microcontrollers. It allows the development of applications. The application allows efficient use of hardware while providing standardized low-power wireless communication for various hardware platforms.

Contiki is used in many key systems, such as street lighting, construction site monitoring, a city sound monitoring, network electricity meters, industrial monitoring, radiation monitoring, alarm systems, remote monitoring in the home, etc.

Contiki provides multitasking and a set of integrated Internet protocols (TCP/IP stack). It only requires about 10 kilobytes of RAM and 30 kilobytes of Read Only Memory (ROM). A complete system that includes a graphical user interface, requires approximately 30 kilobytes of RAM.

History of Contiki OS

The name Contiki comes from the famous Kon–Tiki raft by Thor Heyerdahl.

Contiki OS was created by Adam Dunkels in 2002 and was developed by a global team of developers from Atmel, Cisco, Texas Instruments, ETH Zurich, ENEA, Redwire, Swedish Institute of Computing, RWTH Aachen University, Oxford University, SAP, Sensinode, ST Microelectronics, Zolertia, and many others. 

Contiki has gained popularity due to its built-in TCP/IP stack. It lightweight preemptive scheduling over the event-driven kernel that is a very motivating feature for IoT.

Applications of Contiki OS

There are more Applications, available in the package as part of Contiki OS. These include a small web browser, web server, calculator, shell, telnet client and daemon, an e-mail client, the VNC viewer, and FTP.

Contiki OS also provides mechanisms to measure the power of various operations. It allows developers to produce consumer-sensitive programs. Also, a software package comes with a Unix-type shell for interaction with the operating system and debugging.

Features of Contiki OS

A complete installation of Contiki includes the following features:

• Optional per-application preemptive multithreading
• Multitasking kernel
• Protothreads
• Windowing system and GUI
• Simple telnet client
• Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) networking, including IPv6
• Personal web server
• Networked remote display using Virtual Network Computing
• Screensaver

Communication Components in Contiki OS

Contiki OS supports protocols for IoT:

6LoWPAN: It means IPv6 in-home Wi-Fi networks of low consumption. It provides an era of compression to guide the low charge of desired Wi-Fi information with devices with limited resources.

RPL: It is an IPv6 distance vector protocol for LLNs (Low-Power and Lossy Networks). It provides a viable path to quality in a complex network of devices of varying capacities.

CoAP: It facilitates communique for individual devices; In general, the devices require extensive remote supervision.

uIP (for IPv4): It implements TCP/IP that is used for 8-bit and 16-bit microcontrollers.

uIPv6 (for IPv6): It is an IPv6 extension that is fully compatible with uIP.

Arduino:  Arduino UNO is the popular open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use software and hardware. It is intended for artists, hobbyists, designers, and anyone interested in building interactive objects. It is designed to be as flexible as likely to meet the needs of your project.

It is based on the ATmega 328P that has 14 digital I/O pins and six analog inputs. It comes with 32-KB of Flash memory. It can accommodate code that deals with complicated logic and operations. The Arduino board needs an add-on board with Ethernet to communicate over the internet. The ethernet board is known as the Ethernet Shield. The device could be programmed in the Arduino IDE.

 Raspberry Pi: The Raspberry Pi is a credit card-sized computer that connects to a monitor or televisions and uses a standard keyboard and mouse. It is a small, capable     device that allows people to explore computing and learn to program. Raspberry Pi is usually programmed in Python language.

The recently launched Raspberry Pi 3 includes built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth technologies that make it the most compact and autonomous computer. Based on the Broadcom BCM 2837 SoC with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor and 1 GB of RAM, the Raspberry Pi is a powerful platform. In addition to the 10/100 Ethernet port, the Raspberry Pi 3 is fitted with 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi 802.11n and Bluetooth 4.1. The HDMI port makes the connection of A/V sources even easier. 

NodeMCU: NodeMCU is an open-source LUA based firmware developed for ESP8266 Wi-Fi chip. NodeMCU is similar to Arduino Hardware with an Input-Output ability built-in the board. It also has a built-in Wi-Fi to connect directly to the internet to control your things online. It greatly speeds up your internet of things application development process. It must be programmed with Arduino IDE and Lua.

BeagleBone: BeagleBone is a single-board computer with a Linux-based operating system. It uses a more powerful ARM processor than Raspberry Pi.

BeagleBone Black is a low-cost, community-based development platform for hobbyists and developers. It starts Linux in shorter than 10 seconds and starts development in shorter than 5 minutes with a single USB cable.

You can write your code in any language such as C, C++, Python, Perl, Ruby, Java, or even a shell script.

CC3200: The CC3200 host driver is designed to support integrated applications. It uses low-power, low-cost microcontrollers with compressed board space.

The CC3200 is a programmable Wi-Fi MCU that enables accurate integrated internet of things development. The CC3200 device has the same Wi-Fi Network Processor (NWP) sub-system as the CC3100 device. The NWP integrates all protocols for Wi-Fi and the Internet, much minimizing MCU software requirements. With built-in security protocols, Simple Link Wi-Fi provides a robust and simple security experience.

Two significant challenges in IoT:

1. Technological challenges
2. Business challenges

Technological challenges

IoT components are implemented using various protocols and technologies. As a result, these components have complex configurations and poor design.

Technological challenges may reflect five parameters.

Security:Security is a fundamental pillar of the Internet. ISOC believes that it is equally necessary and a “more important challenge” for the IoT.

The IoT has caused significant security issues that have attracted the attention of several public and private sector companies around the world.

Increasing the no of connected devices increases the chances of leveraging security vulnerabilities, as do poorly designed apps. It may expose the manipulation of user data by leaving insufficiently secured data streams. In some cases, human health and safety (implanted, Internet-enabled medical devices and hackable cars) may be at risk.

Connectivity: The most critical challenge in the future of IoT would be to connect multiple devices. This communication will end up resisting the current structure and the technologies associated with it.

Currently, a centralized server/client model is used to authenticate, approve, and link several terminals to a network. This paradigm is only suitable for the current situation and is not applicable to meet future requirements. In this scenario, where billions of devices will be part of the same network, will turn the current centralized system into a bottleneck.

Considerable investment and expense are required to maintain clusters of servers in the cloud, which can handle a large amount of information exchange. Its lack of server availability can cause the system to shut down completely.

Compatibility and Longevity: The IoT is developing in a generalized way. It incorporates many technologies and will soon go to a convention. This will act as severe problems and require the installation of additional software and hardware to establish communication between the devices.

The lack of availability of standardized M2M protocols, non-unified cloud services, and firmware and operating system variants between IoT devices are some of the other compatibility issues. The devices that use these technologies will be irrelevant in the future, as these technologies will become out-of-date very soon.

Standards: Standards: The Absence of standards and documented best practices have a more significant impact than just limiting the potential of IoT devices. As APNIC’s Geoff Huston has pointed out previously, the absence of standards can enable stupid behavior by IoT devices.

Without standards to guide manufacturers, developers sometimes design devices. It works harmful on the Internet without really worrying about their impact. If they are poorly designed and configured, these devices can harm the network resources to which they connect. 

Intelligent Analysis & Actions: The last stage in IoT implementation is extracting insights from data for analysis, where analysis data is depending on cognitive technologies and the accompanying models. It facilitates the use of cognitive technologies.

Business challenges

The main problem is an essential source of inspiration to start, allocate resources, and manage any business. This model must meet all the prerequisites for all types of e-commerce markets. However, this class always undergoes an administrative and legal inspection. The use of IoT technologies plays a vital role in creating an additional source of income to reduce the burden on existing communication infrastructure.

Three categories divided in the business challenges based on usage and clients base:  

1. Consumer IoT: Consumer IoT includes connected devices such as smart cars, phones, clocks, laptops, connected devices, and entertainment systems.
2. Commercial IoT includes things like device trackers, inventory controls, and medical devices.
3. Industrial IoT covers like things as connected electric meters, flow gauges, wastewater systems, pipeline-monitors, robots, and other kinds of connected industrial devices and systems.

The ThingWorx is an IoT platform that helps commercial corporations assess and release the value of IoT. It promises the tools and technology necessary to developed. It implements a robust and daily augmented reality (AR) applications.

The ThingWorx IoT platform includes well-suited modules. It provides the capacity, flexibility, and agility that organizations need to implement IoT applications and AR studies. It includes business connectivity, software activation, analysis, and AR creation.

Benefits of ThingWorx IoT Platform:

• Reason-Constructed Platform
• Rapid Improvement
• Flexibility

Reason-Constructed Platform: The platform offers features specifically designed for protection as well as scalability to develop as the commercial enterprise grows.

Rapid Improvement: It includes platform modules that join through ThingModel. ThingModel is a direct digital illustration of an element of the body. It allows us to enable experiences, studies, and applications quickly and easily.

Flexibility: The platform has the flexibility to be deployed on-premise, in the cloud or hybrid. Experiences are available to customers in different formats, such as laptops, Internet, mobile, and AR. It Integrates with external records and simplifies procedures that guarantee more significant results.

Components of ThingWorx IoT

Thingworx offers many key tools to create applications. These tools include Mashup Builder, Composer, search engine, storage, collaboration, and connectivity.

The composer proposes modeling environments for design verification.

Mashup Builder allows the construction of a smooth dashboard through components. For example, lists, wikis, buttons, meters, etc.

Thingworx uses a search engine called SQUEAL. SQUEAL stands for search, query, and analysis. The clients rent SQUEAL for filtering and analysing records, and search for the information.

IoT Cloud is a platform from Salesforce. Salesforce is designed to store and process IoT data. It is powered by Thunder. Thunder is an event processing engine designed to capture, filter, and respond to events in real-time.

The Salesforce IoT platform is designed to absorb a large amount of data generated by sensors, devices, websites, packages, customers, and partners. It initiates actions for real-time responses.

Benefits of Salesforce IoT

There are following benefits of Salesforce IoT:

• It easily creates corporate policies to activate actions that correspond to specific device activities.
• It generates data directly for the Salesforce packages and moves all utilities. It also creates custom outlets for the products.
• It contextualizes the tool activities in real-time with a good judgment of the commercial company.
• It collects information about tools in unique user profiles to create revenue triggers, operators, and advertising triggers at the individual level.
• It creates a complete view of customers, along with the information on product usage, purchasing patterns, opportunities, and more.
• It automatically creates service-request from a repair order.
• Applications-Automatic inventory inspections.

Electric Imp

The Electric Imp platform allows us to connect devices to the cloud via wifi. Develop packages through the Squirrel language (a high level, object-oriented, light-weight scripting language). The package consists of two modules: the tool module that runs on the tool, and the agent module that runs within the electric powered Imp cloud. The platform facilitates communication between modules and sends gadget messages with a simple call.

agent.send("message_name", data);
Listen to the messages in the agent with the following code:
device.on("message_name", function(data)
{
//Data operations
});

GE Predix was designed to target factories. It gives their ecosystems the same easy and efficient function as the operating systems that transformed cell phones. It was initially a tool for General Electric’s internal IoT, specially created to monitor the products sold.

Benefits of IoT GE Predix

Connectivity: Relaxed connectivity from assets to facets and from edge to the cloud. It also supports OT protocols, challenging business environments, and bi-directional communication through facets/the cloud.

Interoperability: The services are designed to inter operate on the platform. The service Orchestration and automation are provided through infrastructure and platform services. It provides security barriers for application developers and owners.

Statistics control: It is designed to help scalable and extensible industry use instances. The channeling of statistics consists of statistics ingestion, filtering, and tag mapping across multiple statistics sorts. For example, time collection, snapshots, etc.

Security: It provides security throughout each layer of the platform. Authentication, authorization, user management, terminal rental, information confidentiality, and various services help to reduce the dangers associated with the programs.

Note: GE Predix has also partnered with Intel, Verizon, and Cisco to introduce Predix-compatible devices for the businesses.

The two technologies IoT and M2M (Machine to Machine) are becoming trendy in the IT industry. The ability to connect sensors, actuators, and a wide range of devices open up a great opportunity to create new types of solutions and applications in any industry.

However, the current state of the IoT industry is characterized by closed proprietary solutions. It restricts interoperability between solutions and locks customers to the use of unique technology. IoT is based on the two principles that make it trendy are: open standards and free software.

In Eclipse, we create an open-source community that provides basic open source components to create an open and interoperable IoT. The Eclipse IoT community implements open-source projects that developers can use to build their IoT solutions.

The focus is on providing:

1. Open-source implementations of popular IoT standards.
2. Frameworks and services are necessary to build IoT solutions.
3. Tools required by IoT developers.

The first Eclipse IoT project began in November 2012.

Services and Frameworks

Eclipse Smart Home:  Eclipse Smart Home is a set of Java and OSGi services for the integration of home automation. This project provides a uniform access point for many home automation devices and protocols.

Eclipse SCADA: Eclipse SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is a set of Java and OSGi services to create industrial control systems to monitor and control industrial processes, such as factory floors or solar farms.

Kura: Kura is a set of Java and OSGi services that implements the common services necessary for an IoT gateway, such as the I/O connection with (serial ports, USB, Bluetooth, GPS, clock, etc.), data services, remote management, and more.